serializers.py

        show = validated_data["timeslot"].schedule.show
        user = self.context.get("request").user
        user_is_owner = user in show.owners.all()

        # Having the create_note permission overrides the ownership
        if not (
            user.has_perm("program.create_note")
            or (user.has_perm("program.add_note") and user_is_owner)
        ):
            raise exceptions.PermissionDenied(detail="You are not allowed to create this note.")

        # we derive `contributors`, `language` and `topic` from the Show's values if not set
        contributors = validated_data.pop("contributors", show.hosts.values_list("id", flat=True))
        language = validated_data.pop("language", show.language.values_list("id", flat=True))
        topic = validated_data.pop("topic", show.topic.values_list("id", flat=True))

        # optional foreign key
        validated_data["image"] = validated_data.pop("image", None)

        try:
            note = Note.objects.create(
                created_by=self.context.get("request").user.username,
                **validated_data,
            )
        except IntegrityError:
            raise exceptions.ValidationError(
                code="duplicate", detail="note for this timeslot already exists."
            )
        else:
            note.contributors.set(contributors)
            note.language.set(language)
            note.topic.set(topic)

            # optional nested objects
            for link_data in links_data:
                NoteLink.objects.create(note=note, **link_data)

            note.save()

            return note

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        """Update and return an existing Note instance, given the validated data."""

        user = self.context.get("request").user
        user_is_owner = user in instance.timeslot.schedule.show.owners.all()

        # Having the update_note permission overrides the ownership
        if not (
            user.has_perm("program.update_note")
            or (user.has_perm("program.change_note") and user_is_owner)
        ):
            raise exceptions.PermissionDenied(detail="You are not allowed to update this note.")

        if "cba_id" in validated_data:
            instance.cba_id = validated_data.get("cba_id")

        if "content" in validated_data:
            instance.content = validated_data.get("content")

        if "image" in validated_data:
            instance.image = validated_data.get("image")

        if "summary" in validated_data:
            instance.summary = validated_data.get("summary")

        if "timeslot" in validated_data:
            instance.timeslot = validated_data.get("timeslot")

        if "tags" in validated_data:
            instance.tags = validated_data.get("tags")

        if "title" in validated_data:
            instance.title = validated_data.get("title")

        # optional many-to-many
        if "contributors" in validated_data:
            instance.contributors.set(validated_data.get("contributors", []))

        if "language" in validated_data:
            instance.language.set(validated_data.get("language", []))

        # Only update this field if the user has the update_note permission, ignore otherwise
        if "topic" in validated_data and user.has_perm("program.update_note"):
            instance.topic.set(validated_data.get("topic", []))

        # optional nested objects
        if "links" in validated_data:
            instance = delete_links(instance)

            for link_data in validated_data.get("links"):
                NoteLink.objects.create(note=instance, **link_data)

        instance.updated_by = self.context.get("request").user.username

        instance.save()

        return instance